History :
Nepal is home to an ancient civilization which can be traced back thousand of years before the birth of Christ (B.C.). In its long and glorious history Nepal has always remained an independent kingdom, although the land was fragmented into many small kingdoms and principalities. In 1768 the ancestors of the present king unified the kingdom and declared Kathmandu as the capital city.

Since then it has been this same dynasty known as the Shah dynasty which reigns in this Himalayan Kingdom. After two popular revolutions in  the year 1950 and 1990, the current political system is a multiparty democracy with the constitutional monarchy. There were many glorious dynasties who contributed a lot to the  development of art and architecture.

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Geography :
Nepal lies between 80° 4' and 80° 12' east longitude and 26° 22' and 30° north latitude. The total area of Nepal consists of 147,181 sq. kms. It lies between India and China, bordering with Tibet on the north and different Indian states on the rest of the three sides. It is almost rectangular in shape,  with around 885 km. east-west length and its uneven breadth varying from 145 to 241 km. north-south. Within this narrow breadth a great diversity in topography results in varied condition from Subtropical to Alpine. It's altitude  rises from some 60m. in the south to above 8,848m. in the north. With reference to the altitude this country can be divided into three regions.

Himalayan Region : This region lies between 4,877m.and 8,848 m. With snowline running around 4877m. It includes 8 of the existing 14 summits in the World which exceed an altitude of 8,000m. They are (1) Mount Everest-(Sagarmatha) -8,848m.; (2) Kanchenjunga -8,586m. (3) Lhotse -8,416m. (4) Makalu -8,463, (5) Cho Oyu -8201m. (6) Dhaulagiri -8167m. (7) Manaslu -8163m. and(8) Annapurna I -8091m.

Mid Hill Region : This is the most populated and cultural part of the Nepalese topography. It covers about 64% of total land area and inhabited by 55% of the total population. Its terraced land cultivation adds the charm of the beautiful landscape of the Himalayas. The altitude of Churia range varies from 610 m to 1524 m. and the Mahabharata mountain region varies from 1524m. To 4877m. The most famous Kathmandu Valley and Pokhara Valley lie in the altitude of 1350 and 850m. respectively.

Terai Region : This narrow stripe of low land known as Terai Region lies on the southern most part of the country, running from east to west with the varied breadth of 26 km. to 32 Km. and with average altitude of 300m. above sea level. This region covers about 17% of the total land area comprising dense forest and most fertile farming land.

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Climate :
Different climatic conditions are found in different parts of the country due to the variation in the country’s topography. The low lying flat land on the southern most part of the country has a hot and humid climate, where as the mid hill region has typical sub-tropical climate. The Himalayan Region above 4,000 meters has an alpine climate, with considerable lower temperature in winter.

Roughly the climate in Nepal can be classified as follows,
Spring : March-May [25 °C Days, 10 °C Nights, Occasional Rain]
Summer : June-August [30 °C Days, 20 °C Nights, Wet]
Autumn : September-November [25 °C Days, 10 °C Nights, Dry]
Winter : December-February [18 °C Days, 4 °C Nights, Dry]